During the past two decades, many countries have made considerable progress towards achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, mainly by increasing interventions for maternal and child health (3,4). Despite this progress, an estimated 6.6 million children and young adolescents died in 2016 (5.6 million children under 5 years and 1 million children aged 5–14), mostly from preventable causes (5). As most women now deliver in health facilities and children have increasing access to health services, attention can be focused on improving the quality of services for women and children (6). Poor-quality services and care reduce the effectiveness of interventions and increase the risks for nosocomial infections, life-long disability and death from avoidable complications and preventable causes (7). Therefore, achieving the ambitious Sustainable Development Goal 3 will require universal health coverage with high-quality, affordable services for women and children, as stated in the Global strategy for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health (2016–2030) (8–10).

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